KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Numbers
The National Indian Gaming Commission, the federal regulator created by the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, publishes an annual count of how much tribal gaming operations win. Its fiscal year 2025 report, released in July 2026, is the most recent in the series. This page reproduces its regional figures and sets them against fiscal year 2024 and earlier releases.
Tribal gaming operations reported $46,162,783,570 in gross gaming revenue for fiscal year 2025, which the NIGC describes as the highest ever for Indian gaming. That is 5.3% more than the $43,852,030,848 reported for fiscal year 2024, an increase of $2,310,752,722. The total comes from the audited financial statements of 545 gaming operations run by nearly 250 tribal governments across 29 states.
Seven of the eight NIGC regions grew. The Sacramento region is the largest by total, while the Washington, D.C. region contributed the largest increase in dollars. All figures are in U.S. dollars and follow the NIGC’s own definitions, explained next.
What the NIGC Measures
The NIGC uses gross gaming revenue as its key industry measure. In the agency’s wording, GGR is the amount wagered minus winnings returned to players. It covers class II and class III gaming operations on Indian lands. It is not the same as the “gross gaming revenue” or “adjusted gross revenue” reported by state commercial casino regulators, which can apply different deductions, so the figures here should not be added to state-reported commercial totals.
The report is built from audited financial statements, which the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act requires each tribe to submit within 120 days after the end of an operation’s fiscal year. Tribes have different fiscal year-ends, so the NIGC receives statements throughout the calendar year. Its report notes that a fiscal year’s data may include revenue earned up to 16 months before publication, which means “fiscal year 2025” is not a single calendar year.
The NIGC groups operations into eight administrative regions named after its regional offices: Portland, Sacramento, Phoenix, St. Paul, Rapid City, Tulsa, Oklahoma City and Washington, D.C. The agency cautions that year-over-year changes by region should not be used as a direct indicator of the local economy, because new operations, expansions, closures, regulatory changes and changes in an operation’s fiscal year can all move a region’s total.
Revenue by NIGC Region
Table 1 lists each region’s GGR for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 as printed in the NIGC report, ordered here from largest to smallest. The regional totals add to the national figure of $46,162,783,570.
| NIGC region | FY 2025 | FY 2024 | Change ($) | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sacramento | $12,631,303,247 | $12,135,475,969 | $495,827,278 | +4.1% |
| Washington, D.C. | $11,218,298,614 | $10,218,407,815 | $999,890,799 | +9.8% |
| St. Paul | $5,320,261,193 | $5,171,624,189 | $148,637,004 | +2.9% |
| Portland | $4,943,983,904 | $4,694,100,529 | $249,883,375 | +5.3% |
| Phoenix | $4,211,135,056 | $3,999,888,645 | $211,246,411 | +5.3% |
| Oklahoma City | $3,744,841,561 | $3,624,523,166 | $120,318,395 | +3.3% |
| Tulsa | $3,653,169,798 | $3,564,148,943 | $89,020,855 | +2.5% |
| Rapid City | $439,790,197 | $443,861,592 | −$4,071,395 | −0.9% |
| Total | $46,162,783,570 | $43,852,030,848 | $2,310,752,722 | +5.3% |
The Sacramento region reported $12,631,303,247, the largest of the eight, followed by the Washington, D.C. region at $11,218,298,614. Together these two regions accounted for more than half of the national total. The St. Paul region, at $5,320,261,193, and the Portland region, at $4,943,983,904, rank third and fourth. The two Oklahoma regions, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, together reported $7,398,011,359, and the Rapid City region, the smallest, reported $439,790,197.
Shares, Growth and Size of Operations
Table 2 converts the regional totals to shares. The Sacramento and Washington, D.C. regions together held 51.7% of fiscal year 2025 GGR, up from 51.0% a year earlier, and the three largest regions including St. Paul held 63.2%. The Washington, D.C. region’s share rose from 23.3% to 24.3%, while Sacramento’s fell from 27.7% to 27.4% even though its revenue grew.
| NIGC region | Share of FY 2025 GGR | Share of FY 2024 GGR | Share of the FY 2025 increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sacramento | 27.4% | 27.7% | 21.5% |
| Washington, D.C. | 24.3% | 23.3% | 43.3% |
| St. Paul | 11.5% | 11.8% | 6.4% |
| Portland | 10.7% | 10.7% | 10.8% |
| Phoenix | 9.1% | 9.1% | 9.1% |
| Oklahoma City | 8.1% | 8.3% | 5.2% |
| Tulsa | 7.9% | 8.1% | 3.9% |
| Rapid City | 1.0% | 1.0% | −0.2% |
| Total | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
where: region and total GGR are the figures in Table 1. For the Washington, D.C. region, $999,890,799 ÷ $2,310,752,722 gives 43.3%, so that one region produced a little over two-fifths of the national dollar increase while holding 24.3% of the total. Sacramento produced 21.5% of the increase.
The NIGC report also prints the number of operations in each region, which allows an average to be calculated. Table 3 shows that the 545 operations averaged about $84.7 million of GGR each, against $82.4 million for the 532 operations in fiscal year 2024. Averages vary widely by region, from roughly $10 million in Rapid City to $243.9 million in Washington, D.C.
| NIGC region | Operations FY 2025 | Operations FY 2024 | Average GGR per operation FY 2025 | Average GGR per operation FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Washington, D.C. | 46 | 45 | $243.9 million | $227.1 million |
| Sacramento | 88 | 87 | $143.5 million | $139.5 million |
| Portland | 58 | 55 | $85.2 million | $85.3 million |
| Phoenix | 54 | 53 | $78.0 million | $75.5 million |
| St. Paul | 101 | 97 | $52.7 million | $53.3 million |
| Tulsa | 74 | 73 | $49.4 million | $48.8 million |
| Oklahoma City | 80 | 78 | $46.8 million | $46.5 million |
| Rapid City | 44 | 44 | $10.0 million | $10.1 million |
| All regions | 545 | 532 | $84.7 million | $82.4 million |
These averages are calculated as regional GGR divided by the operation count and are means, not medians. A few large operations lift a region’s mean well above what a typical operation reports, as the NIGC’s own revenue-range figures show: about 9% of operations reported more than $250 million of GGR and produced 56% of the total, while just over 54% reported less than $25 million and produced about 5%.
Comparison With Earlier Years
The NIGC’s report charts totals back to fiscal year 2006. Table 4 lists the four most recent years using the figures and growth rates stated in the agency’s releases. The earlier releases round the totals to $0.1 billion, so growth rates are shown as the NIGC published them rather than recalculated.
| Fiscal year | GGR | Published growth over prior year |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | $40.9 billion | +4.9% |
| 2023 | $41.9 billion | +2.4% |
| 2024 | $43.9 billion ($43,852,030,848 in the FY 2025 report) | +4.6% |
| 2025 | $46.2 billion ($46,162,783,570) | +5.3% |
Growth has been positive in each of the last four years, from 2.4% in fiscal year 2023 to 5.3% in fiscal year 2025. Using the rounded $40.9 billion for fiscal year 2022 and the exact fiscal year 2025 figure, the compound annual growth rate over three years is about 4.1%, as the formula below shows.
where: end value is $46.16 billion (fiscal year 2025), start value is $40.9 billion (fiscal year 2022, rounded in the NIGC release) and years is 3. The calculation gives 4.1% per year, and because the start value is rounded the result is approximate to about one-tenth of a percentage point.
The fiscal year 2025 increase of $2,310,752,722 is larger in dollars than the increases the NIGC reported for fiscal years 2023 (about $1 billion) and 2024 ($2.0 billion), and the number of reporting operations rose from 519 in fiscal year 2022 to 532 in fiscal year 2024 and 545 in fiscal year 2025. Part of the growth in totals may therefore come from additional operations rather than higher revenue at existing ones; the report does not separate the two.
Methodology & Limitations
Datasets: National Indian Gaming Commission, FY 2025 Gross Gaming Revenue Report (released July 2026), for all fiscal year 2025 and fiscal year 2024 regional figures, operation counts, revenue-range percentages and totals; and the NIGC press releases for fiscal years 2022, 2023 and 2024 for earlier totals, growth rates and operation counts. All were accessed in October 2026.
Calculations: shares are regional GGR divided by total GGR. The share of the increase is shown in the formula above. Average GGR per operation is regional GGR divided by the operation count printed on the report’s map; the national average divides total GGR by 545 and 532 operations. The CAGR formula and inputs are shown above. Percentage changes in Table 1 are as printed by the NIGC and rounded to one decimal place; shares are rounded to one decimal place and may not add to exactly 100.0%.
Limitations: GGR is a revenue measure under the NIGC’s definition and is not directly comparable with state regulators’ revenue figures. Fiscal years differ by operation and may include revenue earned up to 16 months before publication. The report gives regional totals only, with no breakdown by game type, by state or by individual operation, and the text of the report does not list the states inside each NIGC region, so no state-level figures are given. The number of operations changes from year to year, which affects comparisons. Figures for earlier years in Table 4 are rounded as released.
Key Figures at a Glance
| Figure | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Total tribal GGR | $46,162,783,570 | Fiscal year 2025 |
| Change from fiscal year 2024 | +5.3% (+$2,310,752,722) | FY 2025 vs FY 2024 |
| Gaming operations reporting | 545 | Fiscal year 2025 |
| Largest region (Sacramento) | $12,631,303,247 | Fiscal year 2025 |
| Largest dollar increase (Washington, D.C.) | $999,890,799 | FY 2025 vs FY 2024 |
| Operations above $250 million | About 9% of operations; 56% of GGR | Fiscal year 2025 |
| Operations below $25 million | About 54% of operations; about 5% of GGR | Fiscal year 2025 |
Derived values such as shares and averages are calculated from the published figures, with the formulas shown above.
Related Data
For a comparison with state-regulated land-based gaming, see the figures compiled in Nevada casino win and hold by game for 2025. The wider market context is in U.S. commercial gaming market size by year, and a state profile built from one regulator’s reports is Pennsylvania gambling revenue by type.
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources & References
- National Indian Gaming Commission — FY 2025 Gross Gaming Revenue Report (released July 2026; accessed October 2026)
- National Indian Gaming Commission — press release: NIGC Announces Record $43.9 Billion in FY 2024 Gross Gaming Revenues (July 31, 2025; accessed October 2026)
- National Indian Gaming Commission — press release: NIGC Announces Record $41.9 Billion FY 2023 GGR (June 27, 2024; accessed October 2026)
- National Indian Gaming Commission — press release: FY 2022 Indian Gaming Revenue Breaks Records at $40.9 Billion (July 19, 2023; accessed October 2026)
